The Heads of the Valleys area – principally Merthyr Tydfil and Blaenau Gwent – has become synonymous with poverty and deprivation: this report argues that this view overlooks the many good features of the area and uses a mixture of statistics, evidence from inspections and independent awards, to demonstrate that the area has many attributes that could form the basis for a more active regeneration effort. The report covers the area’s economy and employment, health and social care, education, natural and built environment, and quality of life. The author, Victoria Winckler, says that the negative image risks damaging the area’s development because of the risks of deterring investment, and also missing opportunities.