Welfare reform is a key issue which could affect the lives and wellbeing of thousands of people in Wales – although many studies have been undertaken at UK level relatively little is known about how the changes might affect particular localities. This report, written by Victoria Winckler, looks at how people in Caerphilly will experience the changes and finds that consideration needs to be given to how to help older people, and how to address concentrations of worklessness, in bringing in the reforms.